--- title: "Format d'enregistrement SPF : guide complet pour la configuration DNS | AutoSPF" description: "Comprenez le format d" image: "https://autospf.com/images/og-default.png" canonical: "https://autospf.com/fr/format-d-enregistrement-spf/" --- Référence complète # Format d'enregistrement SPF Un guide de référence complet sur le format d'enregistrement Sender Policy Framework - mécanismes, qualificateurs, modificateurs et exemples concrets comme [un exemple d'enregistrement SPF](/fr/exemple-d-enregistrement-spf/) que vous pouvez copier. Conforme à la RFC 7208 Structure de l'enregistrement ## Anatomie d'un enregistrement SPF `v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.1 include:_spf.google.com -all` v=spf1 Version ip4:192.0.2.1 Mécanisme include:... Mécanisme \-all Qualificateur + fourre-tout Éléments de base ## Mécanismes Les mécanismes définissent quels serveurs sont autorisés à envoyer des e-mails au nom de votre domaine, et ils apparaissent dans tous les [types d'enregistrements SPF](/blog/complete-guide-to-spf-record-types-6-variations-explained-simply/). Chaque mécanisme compte dans la limite de 10 recherches DNS (sauf `ip4`, `ip6` et `all`). | Mécanisme | Exemple | Description | Recherche DNS ? | | --------- | --------------------------- | --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | --------------- | | ip4 | ip4:192.0.2.0/24 | Autorise une adresse IPv4 ou une plage CIDR spécifique | Non | | ip6 | ip6:2001:db8::/32 | Autorise une adresse ou une plage IPv6 spécifique | Non | | a | a | Autorise les adresses IP de l'enregistrement A du domaine | Oui | | mx | mx | Autorise les serveurs de messagerie de l'enregistrement MX du domaine | Oui | | include | include:\_spf.google.com | Référence l'enregistrement SPF d'un autre domaine | Oui | | all | \-all | Mécanisme fourre-tout - correspond à tout ce qui n'a pas été mis en correspondance auparavant | Non | | exists | exists:%{i}.spf.example.com | Vérifie si un enregistrement A DNS existe (utilisé dans les macros SPF) | Oui | | ptr | ptr | Vérification DNS inverse (déconseillé - à ne pas utiliser) | Oui | Types d'action ## Qualificateurs Les qualificateurs sont préfixés aux mécanismes et indiquent au serveur destinataire l'action à effectuer lorsqu'une correspondance se produit - c'est le cœur de [la façon dont SPF protège votre domaine](/blog/what-spf-records-are-and-how-they-protect-email-domains/). Si aucun qualificateur n'est spécifié, `+` (Pass) est la valeur par défaut. + ### Pass Accepte l'e-mail. L'expéditeur est autorisé. \- ### Fail Rejette l'e-mail. L'expéditeur n'est pas autorisé. \~ ### Soft Fail Accepte mais marque comme suspect. À utiliser pendant les tests. ? ### Neutral Aucune assertion. À traiter comme s'il n'y avait aucune politique SPF. Options avancées ## Modificateurs ### redirect= Dirige le traitement SPF vers l'enregistrement SPF d'un autre domaine. Remplace entièrement la politique du domaine actuel. `v=spf1 redirect=_spf.example.com` ### exp= Fournit un message d'explication personnalisé lorsqu'une vérification SPF échoue. Utile pour le diagnostic. `v=spf1 ... -all exp=explain._spf.example.com` Exemples concrets ## Exemples courants d'enregistrements SPF ### Basique - IP unique `v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.1 -all` ### Google Workspace + votre serveur `v=spf1 ip4:192.0.2.1 include:_spf.google.com -all` ### Google + Microsoft 365 `v=spf1 include:_spf.google.com include:spf.protection.outlook.com -all` ### Enregistrements A + MX avec soft fail `v=spf1 a mx include:_spf.google.com ~all` Pratiques recommandées ## Bonnes pratiques - N'utilisez jamais `+all` \- il autorise tous les serveurs sur Internet - Maintenez les recherches DNS sous 10 - utilisez le SPF flattening si nécessaire - Revoyez et mettez à jour régulièrement votre enregistrement SPF lorsque vous changez de fournisseur de messagerie - Testez votre enregistrement après chaque modification avec un outil SPF checker - Évitez le mécanisme `ptr` déconseillé - Préférez `-all` (hard fail) à `~all` une fois toutes vos sources d'envoi vérifiées ## Ne gérez pas vos enregistrements SPF manuellement AutoSPF aplatit et optimise automatiquement le format de votre enregistrement SPF. La configuration prend 60 secondes. [Démarrer l'essai gratuit→](https://subscriptions.zoho.com/subscribe/31162770c20bc42aba9c86185ed6106a6a2bba0f6b053217ad482bf477cf719e/smb%5F1)[Voir les formules et tarifs](/fr/tarifs/) Rated 5/5 on G2 · Trusted since 2018 ## What Our Customers Say ### "AutoSPF Flattens SPF Records Seamlessly & Keeps Changes Logged - I am quite pleased with the product" > It does what it promises to do, and does it very well. I appreciate that it keeps a log of changes made, which prevents many mistakes. A client's SPF record would have way too many lookups, but AutoSPF makes that problem go away. The length of the SPF record is typically not the issue; it's the amount of lookups in the record that are. AutoSPF "flattens" the record, automatically expanding the defined lookups to IP addresses or ranges. And it auto-updates the record when the un-flattened lookups change. PJ Peter J. President · Small-Business (50 or fewer emp.) ### "Helped us go beyond capacity" > AutoSPF did exactly as described, it helped us get past our 10 lookup limit. Afterwards, we hit another limit regarding overall capacity and when contacted, they quickly provided us with a new solution to eliminate capacity issues entirely going forward, so now we can add as many SPF records as needed. They also provided us with a personalized support video explaining their new method in its entirety using our instance as the example. VU Verified User Financial Services · Mid-Market (51-1000 emp.) [Read our reviews on G2 ](https://www.g2.com/products/autospf/reviews) ```json {"@context":"https://schema.org","@type":"Organization","@id":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q138897474","name":"AutoSPF","url":"https://autospf.com","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","url":"https://autospf.com/images/autospf-logo.png"},"description":"Automatic SPF flattening and email authentication management. 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I appreciate that it keeps a log of changes made, which prevents many mistakes. A client's SPF record would have way too many lookups, but AutoSPF makes that problem go away. The length of the SPF record is typically not the issue; it's the amount of lookups in the record that are. AutoSPF \"flattens\" the record, automatically expanding the defined lookups to IP addresses or ranges. And it auto-updates the record when the un-flattened lookups change.","name":"AutoSPF Flattens SPF Records Seamlessly & Keeps Changes Logged - I am quite pleased with the product","publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"G2","url":"https://www.g2.com"}},{"@type":"Review","reviewRating":{"@type":"Rating","ratingValue":5,"bestRating":5},"author":{"@type":"Person","name":"Verified User","jobTitle":"Financial Services"},"datePublished":"2025-07-31","reviewBody":"AutoSPF did exactly as described, it helped us get past our 10 lookup limit. 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